Heritability and Repeatability Estimates of Linear Parameters in Muturu and Bunaji Breeds of Cattle in Nigeria

Background and Objective: Indigenous cattle breeds, such as Muturu and Bunaji, are vital to the agricultural systems of many regions due to their adaptability, hardiness, and unique traits. The study aims to estimate the heritability and repeatability of linear body parameters in Muturu and Bunaji cattle breeds in Nigeria. It evaluates genetic and environmental influences to enhance breeding strategies for these indigenous breeds. Materials and Methods: A quantitative genetic analysis was conducted to estimate the heritability (h²) and repeatability (R) of linear parameters in Muturu and Bunaji cattle breeds. The study utilized a mixed linear model to analyze data from 452 cattle comprising 226 each from Muturu and Bunaji cattle. Data on BWT and BLT for Muturu and Bunaji cattle breeds were analyzed using a t-test in SAS Version 9.4 (SAS, 2014), with significance set at p<0.05 and results presented as Means±Standard Errors. Results: Heritability estimates revealed significant genetic variation for ear length (h² = 0.854-0.90 cm), height at withers (h² = 0.616-0.804 cm), pelvic width (h² = 0.916-0.927 cm), and chest girth (h² = 0.387-0.487 cm) in both breeds. Conversely, facial length (h² = 0.043-0.124 cm) and body weight (h² = 0.104-0.113 cm) exhibited low heritability. Repeatability analysis indicated genetic stability for body width (R = 0.957 cm), body length (R = 0.68-0.714 cm), and height at withers (R = 0.384-0.744 cm), whereas muzzle circumference (R = 0.162-0.181 cm), pelvic width (R = 0.147-0.204 cm), and canon circumference (R = 0.13-0.193 cm) were influenced by environmental factors. Conclusion: The results suggest that selective breeding for highly heritable traits can effectively enhance desired characteristics in these breeds. Conversely, management practices can significantly impact traits with low heritability. These findings provide valuable insights for breeding programs aiming to improve the productivity and sustainability of Muturu and Bunaji cattle populations.