Comparison of Hematocrit Levels and Serum Transferrin Between Blood Donors and Non-Donors in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Background and Objective: Blood donation is essential for healthcare systems, but it imposes physiological demands on donors, including potential reductions in hematocrit and iron levels. This study aimed to compare hematocrit and serum transferrin levels in blood donors and non-donors at Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 male participants, comprising 30 blood donors and 30 non-donors. Demographic data and hematological parameters were assessed, including hematocrit values and serum transferrin levels. Statistical comparisons between groups were conducted using independent t-tests, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: The mean age of blood donors was 24.8±4.13 years, while non-donors had a mean age of 22.3±2.82 years. Hematocrit levels were significantly lower in blood donors (38.07±1.67) compared to non-donors (42.13±3.58) (t = 3.09, p = 0.008). Conversely, serum transferrin levels were significantly higher in blood donors (4.22±0.57 g/L) compared to non-donors (3.27±0.66 g/L) (t = 3.91, p = 0.002). These findings indicate the physiological effects of blood donation, including reduced red blood cell concentration and compensatory increases in iron-binding proteins. Conclusion:Blood donation significantly affects hematological parameters, particularly hematocrit and serum transferrin levels. Monitoring donors’ hematological and iron status is recommended to prevent iron deficiency and anemia. Interventions such as dietary counseling, iron supplementation and optimized donation intervals should be implemented to ensure donor health. Further research involving larger and more diverse populations is needed to generalize findings and explore the long-term impacts of frequent blood donation.