Evaluating Maize, Sorghum and Millet as Alternative Energy Sources in Broiler Starter Diets: Impacts on Growth, Hematology and Economic Feasibility

Background and Objective: Efficient and cost-effective broiler production is crucial for addressing the rising demand for poultry meat, but the choice of energy sources in starter diets remains a critical factor influencing performance and profitability. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of maize, sorghum and millet as alternative energy sources in broiler starter diets on growth performance, hematological indices and economic viability. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted at the Poultry Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm, Department of Animal Health and Production, Binyaminu Usman Polytechnic, Hadejia, Jigawa State, Nigeria. A total of 72 unsexed broiler chicks, sourced from an accredited hatchery, were raised under an intensive management system. Three experimental diets using maize, sorghum and millet as energy sources were formulated and designated as Treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Growth performance, hematological indices, proximate composition of diets and economic analysis were assessed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, with significant differences determined at p<0.05 via Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results: No significant (p>0.05) differences were observed among the treatment groups for growth performance and hematological indices, despite numerical variations. Performance parameters were within normal ranges and millet-based diets showed promising numerical trends in some indices. Conclusion: Millet was identified as the most economically viable energy source, offering the lowest feed cost per weight gain. This finding highlights millet’s potential as a cost-effective ingredient for broiler starter diets, particularly in regions with limited access to conventional feed resources.