Environmental Influence on Phytochemicals, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Flower, Leaf and Root Extracts of Fumaria indica L.

Background and Objective: The Fumaria indica of the family Fumariaceae had huge medicinal value in their parts and was used in folk medicine. The plant is used in fever, diarrhea, goiter, blood purifier, cooling agent, diabetes, and bladder disease infection. The objective of the study was to identify the phytochemical contents in various parts of Fumaria indica and to measure its ethnomedicinal value. Materials and Methods: The screening of phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds, proximate analysis, and ethnobotanical activities of Fumaria indica was conducted. The experimental materials were collected from four diverse locations in the Haripur District. Plant parts used in the studies were leaves, flowers, and roots. Results: High amounts of phytochemicals including Alkaloids, Saponins, and Tannins, were detected in all plant parts. Protein, phenols, diterpenes, and phytosterols were absent in flower samples. Khanpur area contained higher contents of phenolic compounds (280.4 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (0.708 mg/100 g), while a higher quantity of crude fiber (16.1 mg) was recorded in leaves collected from Haripur City. Values regarding carotenoid content in leaves showed that the maximum value (1834 mg/100 g) was recorded in samples of the Srikot area. Leaf samples collected from Tarbela showed a maximum pH value (9.1). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (6135 μg/g) was higher in roots, while Catalase (CAT) (5000 μg/g) was higher in leaves and Peroxidase (POX) (10638 μg/g) was higher in flower. Conclusion: The research was based on health-related elements investigation. The concentration of phytochemicals varies from place to place and in different parts of the plant body. The ethnobotanical study showed that the Fumaria indica are highly medicinal values and are widely used by the local community as a whole plant and in powder form for treatments of various diseases.