Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Fragaria Nubicola: Antimicrobial, Phytotoxic, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Properties

Background and Objective: Fragaria nubicola is a traditionally used medicinal plant, but its pharmacological properties remain underexplored. This study aimed to scientifically validate its antimicrobial, phytotoxic, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities, focusing on the therapeutic potential of its root, fruit, and leaf extracts. Materials and Methods: Root, fruit, and leaf extracts of F. nubicola were prepared and evaluated using in vitro assays. Antimicrobial activity was tested against bacterial strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii) and fungal strains (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger) through zone of inhibition measurements. Phytotoxicity was assessed at concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 μL, while cytotoxic potential was evaluated using brine shrimp lethality bioassays at 1000 ppm. For statistical analysis, ANOVA was used. Standard significance levels were set at p<0.05. Results: The root and leaf extracts showed maximum antifungal activity against A. flavus, while the fruit extract was most effective against A. niger. For antibacterial activity, the fruit and root extracts displayed significant zones of inhibition against K. pneumoniae, and the leaf extract was most effective against A. baumannii. Phytotoxic assays revealed maximum growth inhibition values of 67.7% (fruit extract at 10 μL), 81.3% (root extract at 100 μL), and 93.3% (leaf extract at 1000 μL). Cytotoxic tests indicated complete lethality of brine shrimp larvae at 1000 ppm for all extracts. Conclusion: The findings validate the traditional therapeutic uses of F. nubicola and demonstrate its significant antimicrobial, phytotoxic, and cytotoxic properties. These results support further exploration of its bioactive compounds for developing novel therapeutic agents.