Banana Peel-Derived Bioplastics: A Green Alternative for Sustainable Materials

Background and Objective: Plastic pollution is a critical environmental challenge, endangering ecosystems and human well-being, with current alternatives such as paper lacking the durability and versatility of plastics. This study aimed to develop biodegradable plastic from banana peel waste, addressing the dual need for sustainable materials and effective organic waste management. Materials and Methods: Waste banana peels were collected, washed, dried, and processed into a paste, which was blended with gelatin (binder), glycerin (plasticizer), and vinegar (pH stabilizer). The mixture was subjected to controlled heating to produce biodegradable plastic sheets. The prepared material was evaluated for mechanical strength, water resistance, and biodegradability. The ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in degradation rates, confirming that variations in strength, water resistance, and biodegradability were due to the tested variables. Results: The bioplastic demonstrated favorable mechanical stability and moderate water resistance, while showing clear microbial degradation under controlled conditions. Its degradation rate was significantly faster than conventional plastics, with the by-products enriching the soil as organic biomass. Conclusion: Banana peel-derived bioplastics represent a cost-effective, eco-friendly alternative to petroleum-based plastics. While limitations exist in durability compared to synthetic polymers, the approach highlights a sustainable pathway for waste valorization and supports further research into scaling production and improving material properties.