Coronaviruses (Coronaviridae) Affecting Ruminants, Non-Ruminant Herbivores and Companion Animals Health: A Review

Coronaviruses have been extensively studied as causative agents for a range of respiratory, enteric and neurological diseases in animals, due to their significant potential impact on animal health and the economy. These viruses infect specific hosts, such as animals and humans, however, certain strains can infect both animals and humans. This article aims to provide detailed information on coronaviruses in ruminants, non-ruminants herbivores and companion animals, as well as to explore the impacts of these viruses on animal health and industries. Different types of published articles and books were reviewed to obtain the information. Extensive studies on various coronaviruses in different animal species, including ruminants, non-ruminant herbivores and companion animals have not only enhanced our understanding of coronavirus biology and ecology but also provided insights into the global distribution and origins of these viruses. Understanding the diverse range of coronaviruses found in both ruminant and non-ruminant herbivores, as well as in companion animals was highlighted in this review. Coronaviruses occurrence and variability are significantly underestimated. Therefore, there is a critical need to expand our knowledge of coronaviruses present in animals, to study their pathogenicity, transmission dynamics and disease prevalence and to effectively respond to the potential future emergence of new coronaviruses, particularly within economically important animal populations.