Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Utilization: A review article on Current Status and Future Prospects in Ethiopia

The present review article is intended to provide detail information on poultry genetic resource conservation and utilization: Current status and future prospects in developing countries (Ethiopia). Poultry genetic resources in Ethiopia, particularly indigenous chicken breeds, represent a valuable asset for sustainable agriculture, food security and rural livelihoods. These breeds have evolved over generations, adapting to diverse ecological niches and demonstrating resilience to local environmental challenges and diseases. The conservation and sustainable utilization of these genetic resources are paramount to safeguarding biodiversity, preserving cultural heritage and enhancing agricultural productivity. Efforts to conserve poultry genetic resources in Ethiopia face significant challenges, including habitat loss, genetic dilution through crossbreeding and limited institutional support. Despite these challenges, various conservation strategies, both ex-situ and in-situ, have been implemented to preserve genetic diversity and promote sustainable breeding practices. Ex-situ conservation methods, such as gene banks and cryopreservation, offer potential solutions for safeguarding genetic material from endangered poultry breeds, while in-situ conservation focuses on maintaining populations within their natural habitats and integrating indigenous knowledge with modern breeding techniques. The utilization of poultry genetic resources involves incorporating diverse genetic traits into breeding programs to develop improved breeds that are well-adapted to local conditions, disease-resistant and productive. Integrating genetic diversity from indigenous chicken breeds into commercial poultry production systems can enhance resilience and sustainability, benefiting smallholder farmers and contributing to national food security goals.