Pharmacological Potential of Cocos nucifera L. Flowers: Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, Anthelmintic and Anti-Diabetic Insights

Background and Objective: Cocos nucifera L. flowers, a less-researched component, have been identified as promising therapeutic components, yet their pharmacological profile remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the flower extract, focusing on its antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic properties.Materials and Methods: Cocos nuciferaflowers of methanolic extract were prepared and subjected to a comprehensive phytochemical assay, including the identification of total phenolic contents. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power assays; however, the extract’s cytotoxicity, anthelmintic and α-amylase inhibitory effects were examined using standard bioassay techniques. Results: The phytochemical analysis demonstrates key bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and reducing sugars. The flower extract reveals considerable antioxidant activity, compared to higher concentrations of ascorbic acid. The cytotoxicity screening indicates moderate toxicity (LC₅₀ = 40.59 μg/mL), though the α-amylase inhibition test showed 65.75% inhibition at 0.5 mg/mL, suggesting prospective antidiabetic effects. On the other hand, the anthelmintic activity of the extract was less potent than the standard drug albendazole, yet it exhibits some degree of efficacy. Conclusion: The study indicates that Cocos nucifera flowers contain some valuable bioactive properties, revealing promising antioxidant, antidiabetic and cytotoxic properties. Findings of the research highlight the unexplored therapeutic potential of coconut flowers, probably a foundation for further investigation of their chemical constituents. Further research may focus on isolating these properties and exploring in vivo efficacy to develop novel therapeutic agents for treating diseases related to oxidative stress, metabolic disorders and microbial infections.