Immune Responses Elicited by COVID-19 Vaccines

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been developed in record time-the fastest in medical history. Many types of vaccines, using novel platforms, have been developed. Many of these vaccines are already being used in vaccination drives worldwide. Many more are still in the pipeline to strengthen and replenish the vaccine armamentarium. Many immune mechanisms are involved in response to vaccination. The currently available vaccines generate robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and exhibit high levels of safety and efficacy. The neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in particular, play a crucial role in blocking viral transmission. This review explored the various types of immune responses elicited by different types of COVID-19 vaccines and their implications in thwarting the spread of the virus.